{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"81","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Constantinus I.","inventory_number":"101","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"http:\/\/ikmk.uni-mannheim.de\/object?id=ID81","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":84,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/84","publisher_name":"Mannheim, Arch\u00e4ologisches Institut der Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2745","publisher_isil_short":"DE-2745","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2745\/ID81","legalBodyWeblink":"http:\/\/hi.uni-mannheim.de\/alte-geschichte\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-mannheim","author":"B\u00f6ckle, Verena"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"84","owner_name":"Mannheim, Historisches Institut der Universit\u00e4t","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-2745","owner_isil_short":"DE-2745","owner_www_address":"ikmk.uni-mannheim.de","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/uni-mannheim","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/84","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1001","nominal_de":"Nummus","nominal_en":"Nummus","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/nummus","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus neu eingef\u00fchrtes, zun\u00e4chst versilbertes und bald als reine Bronzem\u00fcnze ausgef\u00fchrtes Nominal. Die Bezeichnunung Nummus wird im M\u00fcnzkabinett Berlin f\u00fcr entsprechende r\u00f6mische Nominale bis zum Jahr 348 n. Chr. verwendet. Sie bezeichnet zudem das Nominal einiger v\u00f6lkerwanderungszeitlicher Gepr\u00e4ge sowie italische Kleinm\u00fcnzen.\r\n\r\nIm Lateinischen bezeichnet nummus auch die M\u00fcnze im Allgemeinen (griechisch noummos).","info_en":"Introduced during the monetary reform of Diocletian as a silvered coin, quickly struck issued in bronze only. The M\u00fcnzkabinett uses this term for such denominations until AD 348. The term is also used for coins from the Italian peninsula and those of the Migration period.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1001"},"date_last":"2025-09-23 00:26:40","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"67","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/67","region_name_de":"Gallia","region_name_en":"Gallia","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"270","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/270","mint_name":"Trier","mint_name_de":"Trier","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/treveri","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247911"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"20 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"2.46 g","accession":"","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/6"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":null,"avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"CONSTAN-TINVS AVG","image_description":"Kopf des Constantinus I. mit Lorbeerkranz nach r.","foto_date":"2012-12-01","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Daniel Franz","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"http:\/\/ikmk.uni-mannheim.de\/image\/ID81\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"http:\/\/ikmk.uni-mannheim.de\/image\/ID81\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/srv\/www\/virtual\/ikmk\/htdocs\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/81\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"http:\/\/ikmk.uni-mannheim.de\/image\/ID81\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"http:\/\/ikmk.uni-mannheim.de\/image\/ID81\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1758032600,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Mannheim, Historisches Institut der Universit\u00e4t, ID81. Aufnahme durch Daniel Franz.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Mannheim, Historisches Institut der Universit\u00e4t, ID81. Photographs by Daniel Franz."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"SARMATIA - DEVICTA \/\/ PTR Halbmond","image_description":"Victoria schreitet nach r., ein Siegesmal (tropaeum) in der r. Hand und einen Palmzweig in der l. Hand tragend. Der l. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4124227-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"46","timeline_item":"Von 293 bis zum Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.","description":"Die Regierungszeit des Diocletianus und seiner Mitherrscher (284-305 n. Chr.) ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Neuordnung des Staatswesens: Neue M\u00fcnzsorten wie der Nummus (Follis), der Argenteus und der auf 1\/60 des Pfundes festgesetzte Aureus werden eingef\u00fchrt und in ein festes Wechselverh\u00e4ltnis gesetzt. Diese Ma\u00dfnahmen k\u00f6nnen die Verschlechterung des Geldes nur f\u00fcr kurze Zeit aufhalten. Constantinus I. (306-337) f\u00fchrt mit dem Solidus eine neue Gold- sowie mit Siliqua und Miliarense neue Silberm\u00fcnzen ein; die Bronzenominale unterliegen ebenfalls bereits einer Abwertung. Insgesamt wird aber zur Mitte des 4. Jhs. eine Tendenz zur Goldw\u00e4hrung deutlich. Neue Goldminen werden erschlossen und h\u00f6here St\u00fcckzahlen gepr\u00e4gt. Vom Bronzegeld werden bald in schneller Folge verschiedene Sorten ausgegeben, denen es aber durchweg an dauerhaftem Geldwert mangelt. So wird das Bronzegeld abermals um 348 reformiert, auch Iulianus (genannt Apostata, reg. 361-363) versucht sich in der Einf\u00fchrung eines neuen, gro\u00dfen Bronzenominales. Zum Ende der 360er Jahre wird die regelhafte Kennzeichnung der Solidi als Feingold (OB = Obryzum) verpflichend. Ihre Entsprechung beim Silbergeld ist das K\u00fcrzel PS = pusulatum. Auch nimmt die Bedeutung der silbernen Siliquen immer mehr ab.  F\u00fcr die Bildsprache der M\u00fcnzen seit der Tetrarchie ist die Betonung der absoluten Stellung des Kaisers als Dominus (\u201eHerr\u201c) charakteristisch.","year_from":"293","year_until":"400","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}